What Are The Type Of Excavators Loaders
Smruti Ranjan Sarangi
Excavators Loaders can be of two types: 1- Backhoe Loaders, and 2-
Wheel Loaders. Both types have extensive use for industry and agriculture.
Backhoe
A backhoe, also called a rear actor or back actor, is a piece of
excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of an
articulated arm (also called a stick or dipper). Modern backhoe equipment
is
powered by hydraulics. They are typically mounted on the back of a
tractor or front loader. (Similar attachments for
skid loaders are
still called backhoes even though they are mounted on the front of the
vehicle). A backhoe attached to a swiveling cab on top of tracks is
called an excavator.
Backhoe Loader
Backhoe loader, also called a Loader backhoe, is an engineering
vehicle, which consists of a tractor, front shovel\bucket and small
backhoe in the rear. Due to its relatively small size and versatility,
backhoe loaders are very common in urban engineering and small
construction projects such as building a small house, fixing city roads
etc.
A common backhoe-loader. The backhoe is on the right, the bucket/blade
on the left. Invented in Burlington, Iowa in 1957 the Backhoe loader
(note: this needs checking - may have been invented in the UK by Joseph
Cyril Bamford, founder of JCB) is probably the most common variation of
the classic farm tractor. As the name implies, it has a loader assembly
on the front and a backhoe on the back. When both the loader and the
backhoe are permanently attached it is almost never called a tractor,
not generally used for towing and usually does not have a PTO. When the
backhoe is permanently attached, the machine usually has a seat that
can swivel to the rear to face the hoe controls. Removable backhoe
attachments almost always have a separate seat on the attachment
itself.
Backhoe-loaders are very common and can be used for a wide variety of
tasks: construction, small demolitions, light transportation of
building materials, powering building equipment, digging
holes/excavating, breaking asphalt, and paving roads. The backhoe
bucket can often be replaced with other tools such as a breaker for
smashing concrete and rock. Some loader buckets have a retractable
bottom, enabling it to empty its load more quickly and efficiently.
Retractable-bottom loader buckets are also often used for grading and
scratching off sand. The front assembly may be a removable attachment
or permanently mounted. Often the bucket can be replaced with other
devices or tools. The backhoe loader must be equipped with a tool
coupler in order to mount different attachments to the loader. A tool
coupler consists of two hydraulic cylinders on the end of the loader
arm assembly which can expand and retract allowing different tools to
be attached to the unit.
Their relatively small frame and precise control make backhoe-loaders
very useful and common in urban engineering projects such as
construction and repairs in areas too small for larger equipment. Their
versatility and compact size makes them one of the most popular urban
construction vehicles.
WHEEL LOADERS
Wheel Loader is a Front end loading machine. Wheel loader dig and as
well as do secondary loading. Wheel loaders which do only secondary
loading are called Pay Loaders.
The Wheel loaders are classified according to there bucket size and
operating weight. The bucket size ranges from 1 cum upwards. The Wheel
loaders can be tyre mounted or track mounted. The more popular version
being tyres.
The Wheel loaders are very versatile and can be engaged in construction
works, ranging from road work, plant loading, hopper and wagon feeding,
stevedoring and mine face excavation.
A Wheel loader typically has semiautomatic or automatic transmission
with automatic gear sifting. The power train will include engine,
transmission, related propellar shafts and powered axles at both front
and rear.
A typical hydraulic circuit for implementation will include
fixed/variable displacement pumps, control valves, and actuators for
boom, arm and bucket operation. Normally the steering circuit is kept
separate from the implement circuit.
The linkages are 2 types:
1- Paralallo bar and
2- Z bar
Auto leveling mechanism is also inbuilt in some of the loaders.
Smruti Ranjan Sarangi has authored many articles on a diversified
topics like Technical, Management, and Humanity. For information on
Excavators, Dumpers, Cranes etc. visit
http://www.ExcavatorTrader.com
See Also:
Index of All Heavy Equipment
